Committee Summary for House Executive Departments and Administration (03/18/2026)

Layon, Erica(Chairman)(R)[A+]2025	Sytek, John(Clerk)(R)[B-]2025	Slottje, Jeremy(V Chairman)(R)[A+]2025
Schmidt, Peter(D)[F]2025	Thibault, James(R)[A]2025	Howard, Heath(D)[F]2025
Sellers, John(R)[A-]2025	de Vries, Erica(D)[CT]2025	Dargie, Paul(D)[F]2025
Davis, Fred(D)[D-]2025	Bailey, Glenn(R)[A+]2025	Kelley, Diane(R)[A-]2025
Pearson, Stephen(R)[B-]2025	Grote, Jaci(D)[CT]2025	Long, Patrick(D)[D]2025
DeRoy, Susan(R)[A-]2025

Bill/Time	Type	Title	Sponsor
SB401 00:03:11.132 - 9:01:57 AM	Public Hearing	relative to removing an obsolete annual reporting requirement by municipal overseers of public welfare to the department of health and human services and repealing the department of health and human services reporting requirement on 10-year demographic cost projections.	Gray, James(R)[B-]2025
SB401 00:08:00.000 - 9:06:46 AM	Executive Session	relative to removing an obsolete annual reporting requirement by municipal overseers of public welfare to the department of health and human services and repealing the department of health and human services reporting requirement on 10-year demographic cost projections.	Gray, James(R)[B-]2025
SB402 00:12:35.961 - 9:11:21 AM	Public Hearing	eliminating certain non-compete agreements for physician associates.	Gannon, Bill(R)[B-]2025
SB402 00:18:00.000 - 9:16:46 AM	Executive Session	eliminating certain non-compete agreements for physician associates.	Gannon, Bill(R)[B-]2025
SB426 00:22:18.085 - 9:21:04 AM	Public Hearing	repealing the permissible fireworks advisory committee.	Altschiller, Debra(D)[CT]2025
SB426 00:27:00.000 - 9:25:46 AM	Executive Session	repealing the permissible fireworks advisory committee.	Altschiller, Debra(D)[CT]2025
SB469 00:30:10.180 - 9:28:56 AM	Public Hearing	(New Title) allowing the director of the division of motor vehicles to adopt administrative rules regarding the use of electronic signatures and relative to signature requirements where ownership of a vehicle is transferred to an insurer after payment of damages.	Lang, Timothy(R)[B-]2025
SB469 00:48:00.000 - 9:46:46 AM	Executive Session	(New Title) allowing the director of the division of motor vehicles to adopt administrative rules regarding the use of electronic signatures and relative to signature requirements where ownership of a vehicle is transferred to an insurer after payment of damages.	Lang, Timothy(R)[B-]2025
SB427 01:01:25.789 - 10:00:11 AM	Public Hearing	relative to the joint committee on employee classification.	Lang, Timothy(R)[B-]2025
SB427 01:05:00.000 - 10:03:46 AM	Executive Session	relative to the joint committee on employee classification.	Lang, Timothy(R)[B-]2025
Unclear 01:10:29.532 - 10:09:15 AM	General Working Session	Unclear
SB428 01:12:24.569 - 10:11:10 AM	Public Hearing	relative to the maximum amount of terms an individual can serve on the electricians' board.	Pearl, Howard (R)[B]2025
SB428 01:17:00.000 - 10:15:46 AM	Executive Session	relative to the maximum amount of terms an individual can serve on the electricians' board.	Pearl, Howard (R)[B]2025
SB451 01:21:21.537 - 10:20:07 AM	Public Hearing	amending the title of the position of senior deputy secretary of state.	Gray, James(R)[B-]2025
SB489 01:30:27.170 - 10:29:13 AM	Public Hearing	(New Title) altering the appointment process for the board of tax and land appeals.	Avard, Kevin(R)[B]2025
SB489 01:35:00.000 - 10:33:46 AM	Executive Session	(New Title) altering the appointment process for the board of tax and land appeals.	Avard, Kevin(R)[B]2025
SB568 03:03:00.342 - 12:01:46 PM	Public Hearing	(New Title) relative to the department of safety's procedures for the processing of employee candidate background checks.	Gannon, Bill(R)[B-]2025
SB568 03:10:00.000 - 12:08:46 PM	Executive Session	(New Title) relative to the department of safety's procedures for the processing of employee candidate background checks.	Gannon, Bill(R)[B-]2025
SB569 03:16:54.604 - 12:15:40 PM	Public Hearing	relative to the qualifications for hearings officers within the department of labor.	Birdsell, Regina(R)[B-]2025
SB572 03:46:54.604 - 12:45:40 PM	Public Hearing	relative to New Hampshire hospital real estate.	Reardon, Tara(D)[F]2025
SB642 03:59:36.754 - 12:58:22 PM	Public Hearing	repealing the committee for the protection of human subjects institutional review board.	Prentiss, Suzanne(D)[F]2025
SB642 04:08:00.000 - 1:06:46 PM	Executive Session	repealing the committee for the protection of human subjects institutional review board.	Prentiss, Suzanne(D)[F]2025
SB641 04:10:00.000 - 1:08:46 PM	Public Hearing	relative to examination requirements for licensure as a chiropractor.	Pearl, Howard (R)[B]2025

SB401: Senator James Gray, District 6 (Rochester to Alton, Gilmanton, Strafford) Information Only00:03:11.132 - 9:01:57 AM; Senator Gray introduced SB 401 as a cleanup bill addressing unintended consequences in legislation, specifically repealing obsolete reporting requirements for welfare reimbursements to municipalities (no longer needed after repeal of RSA 165.20C) and for the Commission on Demographic Trends (repealed by HB 118 last year). He emphasized it's a straightforward cleanup.
SB401: Francesca Hennessy and Rob Berry, Department of Health and Human Services Information Only00:05:30.000 - 9:04:16 AM; Hennessy, Fraud Waste and Abuse Administrator, and Berry, General Counsel for Medicaid Division, explained that SB 401 repeals reporting requirements under RSA 167 for municipal welfare reimbursements (up to $100,000, but the underlying law was repealed years ago) and reporting to the now-defunct Commission on Demographic Trends (RSA 12-055A). The department prepared a report last summer but had no recipient, making the requirement obsolete.
SB401: Representative Darji (motion), Representative Schmidt (second), Committee Roll Call Vote00:08:00.000 - 9:06:46 AM; Motion to ought to pass SB 401, removing obsolete reporting for municipal welfare and 10-year demographic projections, requested by DHHS. Seconded. No further discussion. Roll call: 12-0 in favor (all yes: Bailey, Sellers, Thibo, DeRoy, Grota, Schmidt, Davis, Howard, Darji, Long, Chair; Clerk yes). Placed on consent calendar.
SB402: Senator James Gray, District 6 (Rochester to Alton, Strafford, Gilmanton) Information Only00:12:35.961 - 9:11:21 AM; Senator Gray introduced SB 402-FN, which eliminates geographic non-compete agreements for physician associates going forward, aligning with similar provisions for nurse practitioners passed last year.
SB402: Dave Cousy, New Hampshire Society of Physician Associates (NHSOPA) Support00:13:30.000 - 9:12:16 AM; Cousy represented over 1,100 PAs and students in NH. The bill eliminates non-competes for PAs, identical to NP language, putting PAs in line with physicians and others. It removes geographic barriers, promotes workforce and access without changing scope of practice or affecting existing agreements. Benefits recruitment by allowing better job fits and shorter commutes. PA numbers have grown steadily from 900 to 1,100 due to NH's attractiveness.
SB402: Representative Teebo (motion), Representative Duryea (second), Committee Roll Call Vote00:18:00.000 - 9:16:46 AM; Motion to ought to pass SB 402, eliminating non-competes for PAs going forward to aid recruitment by allowing better position fits. Seconded. No discussion. Roll call: 12-0 in favor (all yes: Bailey, Sellers, Teebo, DeRoche, Grota, Schmidt, Davis, Dargy, Howard, Long, Chair; Clerk yes). Placed on consent calendar.
SB426: Senator Deborah Altschiller, District 24 (Exeter, Greenland, Hampton, Hampton Falls, North Hampton, Rye, Stratham) Information Only00:22:18.085 - 9:21:04 AM; Senator Altschiller, a member of the Permissible Fireworks Committee, introduced SB 426 to repeal the committee as it has fulfilled its obligations. Formed to suggest reforms on product safety and sales, it collaborated with the legislature. The State Fire Marshal now has tools via subsequent laws, making further committee meetings unnecessary. Bipartisan Senate EDA recommended ought to pass; Senate passed on voice vote.
SB426: Phil Beeren, Deputy State Fire Marshal Support00:24:00.000 - 9:22:46 AM; Beeren supported repealing the committee, established in 1999 to review/approve fireworks devices individually. In 2011, NH aligned with federal approvals, eliminating the need. The committee meets annually for <20 minutes to comply with law, but fireworks safety is handled via legislation and rulemaking.
SB426: Representative Davis (motion), Representative Grota (second), Committee Roll Call Vote00:27:00.000 - 9:25:46 AM; Motion to ought to pass SB 426, disbanding the committee (formed 1999 for individual approvals; 2011 aligned with federal standards). Fire Marshal has tools needed. Seconded. No discussion. Roll call: 12-0 in favor (all yes: Bailey, Sellers, Tebow, DeRoy, Grota, Schmidt, Davis, Darji, Howard, Long, Chair; Clerk yes; DeVries absent). Placed on consent calendar.
SB469: Senator Tim Lang, District 2 Information Only00:30:10.180 - 9:28:56 AM; Senator Lang introduced SB 469 as part of DMV modernization, following digital IDs last year. It allows e-signatures instead of wet signatures for DMV processes, aiding businesses like online car sales (e.g., Carvana requires mailing titles). Removes impediments for insurance, tow operators, etc. Inspired by COVID-era online processes; modernizes like real estate e-signatures.
SB469: Kate Horgan, Dupont Group on behalf of Carvana Support00:33:00.000 - 9:31:46 AM; Horgan supported SB 469, worked with Lang and stakeholders. Echoed points on removing wet signature hurdles for online vehicle transactions.
SB469: Jay O'Leary, New Hampshire Auto Dealers Association Support00:34:00.000 - 9:32:46 AM; O'Leary represented 500+ dealers. Supported for saving time, reducing errors via e-title applications. Dealer systems can catch omissions before submission, avoiding manual back-and-forth, consumer recalls, and DMV reviews. Improves efficiency without needing AI for basics like missing info.
SB469: Mark Bender and Wendy Pulo, Copart Support00:36:00.000 - 9:34:46 AM; Bender and Pulo from Copart (auto auction for insurance total losses, Candia location since 2011) supported removing notary/e-signature requirements. Consumer-friendly for total loss claims, avoiding notarization inconvenience without a vehicle.
SB469: DMV Witness Information Only00:45:10.180 - 9:43:56 AM; The speaker explains the process of electronic signatures using DocuSign, emphasizing the audit trail and verification processes that reduce fraud compared to handwritten signatures on paper forms. They address concerns about verifying signatures for duplicate titles and highlight how electronic methods provide better documentation and security.
SB469: Ralph Cresta, President, New Hampshire Towing Association Support00:46:00.000 - 9:44:46 AM; Ralph Cresta expresses full support for SB 469, stating that it will simplify paperwork for abandoned vehicles, allow quicker recovery of vehicles, and expedite owner contact processes, making operations easier for the towing industry.
SB469: Representative Sellers Support00:48:00.000 - 9:46:46 AM; Moves to Ought to Pass on SB 469, highlighting that the testimonies show the bill moves DMV processes into the 21st century.
SB469: Representative Bailey Support00:48:30.000 - 9:47:16 AM; Compares electronic signatures to historical methods like signing with an X, noting it's not a significant change since signatures aren't registered or verifiable.
SB469: Representative Grota Support00:49:00.000 - 9:47:46 AM; Supports the bill for benefiting the public by streamlining processes, especially in difficult situations like accidents, making it easier for customers.
SB469: Representative Seitic Support00:49:30.000 - 9:48:16 AM; Agrees with streamlining processes post-accident to reduce hassle for people.
SB469: Representative Schmidt Support00:50:00.000 - 9:48:46 AM; Expresses concerns about electronic signatures being interceptable but notes that physical signatures are often not the actual ones used, and any mark can suffice, so electronic methods are similar.
SB427: Senator Tim Lang, Sponsor Support01:01:25.789 - 10:00:11 AM; Senator Lang explains SB 427-FN, which adjusts pay scales for various state positions based on Joint Committee on Employee Classifications recommendations, including housekeeping for statutory positions and restructuring the Department of Corrections to eliminate middle management, saving approximately $50,000 this year and $500,000 next year. He notes no budgetary impact for most adjustments and ties it to competitive hiring needs.
SB427: Representative SciTech Support01:05:00.000 - 10:03:46 AM; Moves Ought to Pass on SB 427, deferring to the sponsor's detailed explanation.
SB427: Representative Schmidt Support01:05:30.000 - 10:04:16 AM; Seconds the motion and explains the ministerial role of the committee in enacting JCEC decisions into statute, noting the bill's savings and smooth government functioning outside the budget year.
Unclear: Unidentified Speaker Information Only01:10:29.532 - 10:09:15 AM; Discusses rescheduling a meeting due to Senate session conflicts, noting it allows time to take a breath after last week's work.
SB428: Senator Gray, Sponsor Support01:12:24.569 - 10:11:10 AM; Introduces SB 428, which increases the maximum terms on the electricians board to address difficulties in finding volunteers and allow experienced individuals more time to serve.
SB428: Stephen Rancourt, Licensed Electrician, Electrical Contractors Business Association Support01:13:30.000 - 10:12:16 AM; Supports the bill to facilitate filling board positions, noting current vacancies and interest from potential third-term members. Explains terms are five years, often not consecutive, and adds a holdover clause for transition. Addresses concerns about board stagnation by noting governor approval processes and balanced composition including public members.
SB428: Chair Support01:17:00.000 - 10:15:46 AM; Moves Ought to Pass on SB 428, arguing it allows willing servants to continue and future legislative adjustments can address issues.
SB428: Representative DeRoy Support01:17:30.000 - 10:16:16 AM; Seconds the motion, agreeing with the chair's reasoning.
SB451: Senator Gray, Sponsor Support01:21:21.537 - 10:20:07 AM; Introduces SB 451 to clarify titles in the secretary of state's office by changing 'senior deputy' to 'special deputy' for a part-time position handling special projects, to reduce confusion with the full-time 'deputy secretary of state.' Notes limited hours (90 days per fiscal year) and historical use by retired representatives.
SB451: Representative Grota Information Only01:22:00.000 - 10:20:46 AM; Asks for clarification on the two positions: full-time deputy secretary and part-time senior/special deputy for special projects.
SB451: Representative Sellers Information Only01:22:30.000 - 10:21:16 AM; Inquires about the number of senior deputy positions, whether multiple can exist, and notes the use of 'them' in the bill text, seeking clarity on singular vs. plural.
SB451: Representative SciTech Information Only01:23:30.000 - 10:22:16 AM; Discusses statutory pronoun usage, suggesting review of 'them' for potential confusion and possible change to singular pronouns.
SB451: Chair Information Only01:24:00.000 - 10:22:46 AM; Notes the grammatical use of 'them' as singular and plans to discuss with committee members over lunch for final action.
SB451: Senator Gray Support01:24:30.000 - 10:23:16 AM; Confirms no objection to pronoun changes and supports the bill's intent to eliminate confusion.
SB489: Senator James Gray, District 6 (Rochester, Alton, Gilmanton, Strafford) Information Only01:30:27.170 - 10:29:13 AM; Senator Gray introduced SB 489, explaining it as a cleanup bill to clarify the appointment process for the Board of Tax and Land Appeals following changes made in HB2 and other legislation. He noted that the House had voted to keep the board due to contract obligations and that the bill combines the Board of Tax and Land Appeals with the Housing Appeals Board. The bill ensures proper appointment language is included to specify that members serve at the pleasure of the governor and council.
SB489: Representative Long Vote01:35:00.000 - 10:33:46 AM; Representative Long moved for ought to pass, stating the bill adds clarity to the law on appointments.
SB489: Representative Grota Vote01:35:10.000 - 10:33:56 AM; Seconded the motion.
SB489: Chair Vote01:35:20.000 - 10:34:06 AM; Called the roll, resulting in 12-0 vote in favor of ought to pass. Placed on consent calendar.
SB568: Senator Bill Gannon, District 23 Information Only03:03:00.342 - 12:01:46 PM; Senator Gannon introduced SB 568, explaining that it allows the Assistant Commissioner of Safety to delegate the review of background checks for hires, as the current process requires personal review by Commissioner Eddie Edwards, which is overwhelming.
SB568: Lieutenant Mary Caterbriga, New Hampshire State Police Support03:05:00.000 - 12:03:46 PM; Lt. Caterbriga testified that the bill stems from an FBI audit noting that the commissioner must receive all criminal records for vetting employees, but department heads were handling it. The bill amends the statute to allow designated Department of Safety employees authorized by the commissioner to receive and view these records, ensuring compliance with FBI requirements. She confirmed this aligns with standard practice but addresses audit concerns.
SB568: Representative Bailey Vote03:10:00.000 - 12:08:46 PM; Moved ought to pass, noting the bill resolves issues with who receives background checks and has been a problem for some time.
SB568: Representative Sellers Vote03:10:10.000 - 12:08:56 PM; Seconded the motion, stating it keeps the process moving.
SB568: Chair Vote03:10:20.000 - 12:09:06 PM; Called the roll, resulting in 13-0 vote in favor of ought to pass. Placed on consent calendar.
SB569: Senator Regina Birdsell, District 19 (Derry, Hampstead, Windham) Support03:16:54.604 - 12:15:40 PM; Senator Birdsell introduced SB 569, explaining it updates the qualifications for Department of Labor hearing officers, unchanged since the 1980s, to align with RSA 541 for other state hearing officers. The bill requires hearing officers to be attorneys qualified in administrative adjudicative hearings, preferably retired judges, to handle increasingly complex workers' compensation cases. She noted support from both defense and claimants' bars and addressed questions on current eligibility and pay differences across departments.
SB569: Bob Scully, New Hampshire Motor Transport Association Support03:20:00.000 - 12:18:46 PM; Bob Scully testified in support, representing the NH Motor Transport Association, which runs a self-funded workers' comp program. He highlighted issues where hearing officers have split decisions ('split the baby') instead of basing rulings on merits, leading to appeals. He advocated for attorneys in these roles to ensure decisions based on presented information, improving fairness in claims appeals.
SB569: Paul Caffory, Defense Workers' Comp Attorney Support03:22:00.000 - 12:20:46 PM; Paul Caffory, a defense attorney practicing at the Department of Labor since 1997, supported the bill. He noted the evolution of workers' comp law due to Supreme Court decisions and statutory changes, making it more complex. Initially, few hearing officers were attorneys, but now legal background is necessary for equity between employers and employees. He spoke on his own behalf, representing insurers, self-insureds, and municipalities weekly.
SB569: Jared O'Connor, Claimants' Attorney Support03:25:00.000 - 12:23:46 PM; Jared O'Connor, representing injured workers for 23 years, supported the bill to demonstrate bipartisan agreement. He explained the increased complexity from legislative changes (e.g., presumptions for cancer/PTSD) and Supreme Court expansions of jurisdiction, including coverage and policy interpretations. Having trained attorneys as hearing officers ensures professional adjudication beneficial to all parties. He addressed questions on Supreme Court expansions.
SB569: Department of Labor Representative (Deputy Commissioner) Information Only03:31:54.604 - 12:30:40 PM; The Department of Labor representative provided neutral information, noting no direct correlation between attorney licensure and performance, emphasizing factors like aptitude and training. They have hired legally trained individuals, with current five hearing officers all having law degrees (four licensed). Expressed concerns about recruitment challenges and potential pay scale impacts without a fiscal note. Clarified the two-level appeal process, historical hiring from insurance backgrounds, and interpretation of 'experience in administrative hearings.' Addressed questions on appeals, complexity, and implementation.
SB572: Senator Kevin Reardon Information Only03:46:54.604 - 12:45:40 PM; Senator Reardon introduced SB 572, requested by Concord and DAS, to allow subdivision and potential sale of the Anna Philbrook Center on the NH Hospital campus in Concord, per last year's budget for revenue. Current RSA 439-A prevents subdivision without repeal. The city has right of first refusal and is working on details for a $5 million parcel at no cost to the state. Not taking a position on sale but notes the option is lost without the bill. Addressed relation to HB 1569 undoing the sale.
SB572: Sam Hawkins, NAMI New Hampshire Oppose03:50:00.000 - 12:48:46 PM; Sam Hawkins testified opposing the sale, providing context on the Anna Philbrook Center's history as a children's psychiatric facility closed in 2010 due to renovation costs, leading to bed losses at NH Hospital and contributing to ED boarding. Its current role as 16-bed transitional housing aids Mission Zero initiatives reducing boarding. Selling it would exacerbate discharge delays, costing the state $1,600/day per undischarged patient (about 100 daily), with significant ongoing costs from lost beds.
SB642: Sue Prentice, State Senator District 5, representing Upper Valley communities including New London Support03:59:36.754 - 12:58:22 PM; Senator Prentice introduces SB 642 as a cleanup bill to repeal the obsolete RSA 171A:19-A establishing the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects Institutional Review Board specific to DHHS, along with related rulemaking authority under RSA 171A:19-B. Established in 2005, it is no longer needed due to changes in federal rules and regulations. Other institutions like universities and hospitals must still use IRBs, but not DHHS. The Senate amended the bill to delay the effective date to 2027. She offers to answer questions and notes Jenny O'Higgins from DHHS is available.
SB642: Jenny O'Higgins, Legislative Liaison for Behavioral Health, DHHS Support04:05:00.000 - 1:03:46 PM; O'Higgins confirms that human subjects protection remains covered under federal rules effective 2020, which require a single IRB for federally funded studies selected by the funding federal department, reducing volume at DHHS IRB. Maintaining the state IRB involves ongoing costs for training, staff, contracting, and data retention using state funds, while being duplicative and low-volume. Protection continues via commercial or academic IRBs.
SB642: Chair Léon Vote04:08:00.000 - 1:06:46 PM; Closes public hearing and opens executive session on SB 642. Recognizes Rep. DeRoy for motion.
SB642: Representative DeRoy Support04:08:30.000 - 1:07:16 PM; Moves Ought to Pass (OTP) on SB 642, praising it for eliminating duplication.
SB642: Committee Vote Vote04:09:00.000 - 1:07:46 PM; Motion seconded by Rep. Groda. Roll call vote: 12 Yes (Slocum, Bailey, Sellers, Tebow, DeRoy, Groda, Davis, Darji, Howard, Long, Chair), 1 No (Schmidt). Passes 12-1. Placed on regular calendar, not consent, as Schmidt objects but no minority report.
SB641: Claire Roulard, New Hampshire Senate Information Only04:10:00.000 - 1:08:46 PM; Introduces SB 641-FN on behalf of the Senate, submitting the bill for committee consideration without speaking to its merits. Notes others will testify for or against.
SB641: Representative Janine Nader, Hillsborough 12 Support04:11:00.000 - 1:09:46 PM; Supports SB 641 as it eliminates duplication in licensure requirements. Has been a chiropractic patient for over 25 years and defers detailed testimony to her chiropractor.
SB641: Dr. Lisa Lanzara Bazzani, Chiropractor, Nashua and Manchester Support04:12:00.000 - 1:10:46 PM; Supports SB 641 to remove the redundant NBCE Part 4 practical exam, as clinical competencies are already covered by CCE-accredited programs including supervised internships, performance assessments, and exams. Part 4 is privately administered, now requiring travel to Colorado with costs over $1,500 plus travel, lodging, and time away, creating barriers (e.g., pregnant intern unable to travel). Exam does not require actual adjustments, unlike college requirements of 200 supervised adjustments. Pass rates are high (~87-90%), no added safety benefit. Keeps Parts 1-3, college graduation, clinical exams, and NH jurisprudence exam. Aims to increase workforce and access without compromising standards.
SB641: Dr. John Schistler, Chiropractor, Bedford; Recent Graduate; NH State Chiropractic Society Support04:16:00.000 - 1:14:46 PM; Supports SB 641, reiterating redundancy of Part 4 exam comparable to college exit exams. NBCE reports 90% pass rate on first attempt, including older practitioners retaking after years out of practice. As a September 2023 graduate from Sherman College, emphasizes no added value.
SB641: Dr. Stephanie Ryan, Chiropractor, Licensed 2000; NH Board of Chiropractic Examiners; NBCE Representative Support04:18:00.000 - 1:16:46 PM; Supports SB 641 personally. Has extensive involvement with NBCE including writing questions, visiting Colorado facility, grading in Iowa, and attending meetings under confidentiality. Clarifies 90% first-attempt pass rate for Part 4; failures require retesting at full $1,500 cost each time until passed. Speculates Parts 1-3 unlikely to require travel as they are computerized/written. NBCE consolidated Part 4 to Colorado for efficiency, offering more testing dates but increasing student burdens.